Basic Computer Organization with details

Basic Computer Organization:

Computer systems perform the following four basic operations.

• Input unit: It takes data and instructions as the input and then converts those inputs in machine read-able from and supplies the converted data to the computer system for further processing.
• Processing Unit: It manipulation the data to make useful information. Its two parts are: The arithmetic logic unit and the control unit. They are jointly known as the central processing unit (CPU).

• Arithmetic Logic Unit: arithmetic logic unit of a computer system is the place, where the actual execute of the instructions take place the data processing operations.
• Control Unit: The control unit of a computer system does not perform any actual processing on data but manages and coordinates the operations of all the other components of the computer system.

• Storage unit: The storage unit of a computer system holds the data and instructions to be process and the intermediate and final results of processing. The two types of storage are: primary and secondary storage.

The primary memory is used to store the set of instructions that the computer will follow. Two types of primary memory are: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory). Primary memory is volatile (except: ROM).

The secondary storage enables the computer to save large volume of data. Such kind of memory is non-volatile. Example: CD, Hard disk etc.

• Output Unit: It converts the machine readable results into human readable form and displays the results in soft copy from or in hardcopy from.